HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) is DVI (Digital Visual Interface) with the addition of:
- Audio up to 8-channels uncompressed
- Smaller Connector
- Support for YUV (Luminance-Bandwidth-Chrominance )Color Space
- CEC (Consumer Electronics Control)
- EIA/CEA-861B Info Frames
HDMI is a licensable audio/video connector interface for transmitting uncompressed digital streams. HDMI connects DRM-enforcing digital audio/video sources such as a set-top box, a HD DVD disc player, a Blu-ray Disc player, a personal computer, a video game console, or an AV receiver to a compatible digital audio device and/or video monitor such as a digital television (DTV). HDMI began to come out in 2006 on consumer HDTV camcorders and high-end digital still cameras.
Block Diagram
HDMI also includes provisions for HDCP. This allows content providers to prevent their programming from being illegally copied.
Features:
- HDMI can carry both uncompressed high definition video along with all existing multi-channel audio formats and even device control data in a single connector.
- HDMI represents the DRM (Digital Rights Management) alternative to consumer analog standards such as RF (coaxial cable), composite video, S-Video, SCART (Syndicat des Constructeurs d'Appareils Radiorécepteurs et Téléviseurs), and VGA(Video Graphics Array), and digital standards such as DVI(Digital Visual Interface) (DVI-D and DVI-I).
- HDMI is able to carry a bandwidth of 5-7 Gbps (gigabits per second) & formats.
- By design, HDMI was intended to be a smaller, more consumer-friendly connection.
- Supports High bandwidth Digital Content Protection – HDCP 1.1
- Backward compatible to DVI 1.0
Versions of HDMI
The following provides an overview of major functionality added to each version of HDMI:
HDMI 1.1:
HDMI 1.2:
- Added support for One Bit Audio, used on Super Audio CDs, up to 8 channels.
- Availability of the widely-used HDMI Type A connector for PC sources and displays with full support for PC video formats
- Ability for PC sources to use native RGB color space while retaining the option to support the YCbCr CE color space.
- Requirement for HDMI 1.2 and later displays to support low-voltage (i.e., AC-coupled) sources, such as those based on PCI Express I/O technology.
HDMI 1.2a:
- Consumer Electronic Control (CEC) features and command sets and CEC compliance tests are now fully specified.
HDMI 1.3:
- Higher Data Rate and Resolution: HDMI 1.3 increases its single-link bandwidth to 340 MHz (10.2 Gbps) to support the demands of future HD display devices, such as higher resolutions, Deep Color and high frame rates.
- Deeper Color: HDMI 1.3 supports 10-bit, 12-bit and 16-bit (RGB or YCbCr) color depths, up from the 8-bit depths in previous versions of the HDMI specification, for stunning rendering of over one billion colors in unprecedented detail.
- Broader color space: HDMI 1.3 adds support for “x.v.Color”, which removes current color space limitations and enables the display of any color viewable by the human eye.
- Mini connector: With small portable devices such as HD camcorders and still cameras demanding seamless connectivity to HDTV’s, HDMI 1.3 offers a new, smaller form factor connector option.
- New Audio formats: HDMI 1.3 adds additional support for new lossless compressed digital audio formats Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio.
HDMI 1.3a:
- Cable and Sink modifications for Type C
- Source termination recommendation
- Removed undershoot and maximum rise/fall time limits.
- CEC capacitance limits changed
- CEC commands for timer control brought back in an altered form, audio control commands added.
Types of HDMI Connectors:
Type A
| Type A Connector Interface (HDMI Rev 1.3) |
| Pin | Signal | Pin | Signal |
| 1. | TMDS Data2+ | 2. | TMDS Data2 Shield |
| 3. | TMDS Data2- | 4. | TMDS Data1+ |
| 5. | TMDS Data1 Shield | 6. | TMDS Data1- |
| 7. | TMDS Data0+ | 8. | TMDS Data0 Shield |
| 9. | TMDS Data0- | 10. | TMDS Clock+ |
| 11. | TMDS Clock Shield | 12. | TMDS Clock- |
| 13. | CEC | 14. | Reserved (N.C. on device) |
| 15. | SCL | 16. | SDA |
| 17. | DDC/CEC Ground | 18. | + 5V Power |
| 19. | Hot Plug Detect | Shell | Ground Plane |
Type B
| Type B Connector Interface (HDMI Rev 1.3) |
| Pin | Signal | Pin | Signal |
| 1. | TMDS Data2+ | 2. | TMDS Data2 Shield |
| 3. | TMDS Data2- | 4. | TMDS Data1+ |
| 5. | TMDS Data1 Shield | 6. | TMDS Data1- |
| 7. | TMDS Data0+ | 8. | TMDS Data0 Shield |
| 9. | TMDS Data0- | 10. | TMDS Clock+ |
| 11. | TMDS Clock Shield | 12. | TMDS Clock- |
| 13. | TMDS Data5+ | 14. | TMDS Data5 Shield |
| 15. | TMDS Data5- | 16. | TMDS Data4+ |
| 17. | TMDS Data4 Shield | 18. | TMDS Data4- |
| 19. | TMDS Data3+ | 20. | TMDS Data3 Shield |
| 21. | TMDS Data3- | 22. | CEC |
| 23. | Reserved (N.C. on device) | 24. | Reserved (N.C. on device) |
| 25. | SCL | 26. | SDA |
| 27. | DDC/CEC Ground | 28. | + 5V Power |
| 29. | Hot Plug Detect | Shell | Ground Plane |
Type C
| Type C Connector Interface (HDMI Rev 1.3) |
| Pin | Signal | Pin | Signal |
| 1. | TMDS Data2 Shield | 2. | TMDS Data2+ |
| 3. | TMDS Data2- | 4. | TMDS Data1 Shield |
| 5. | TMDS Data1+ | 6. | TMDS Data1- |
| 7. | TMDS Data0 Shield | 8. | TMDS Data0+ |
| 9. | TMDS Data0- | 10. | TMDS Clock Shield |
| 11. | TMDS Clock+ | 12. | TMDS Clock- |
| 13. | DDC/CEC Ground | 14. | CEC |
| 15. | SCL | 16. | SDA |
| 17. | Reserved | 18. | + 5V Power |
| 19. | Hot Plug Detect | Shell | Ground Plane |
Pin Details:
| Signal | Details |
| TMDS Data2+ | Transition Minimized Differential Signaling |
| TMDS Data2 Shield | Transition Minimized Differential Signaling |
| TMDS Data2– | Transition Minimized Differential Signaling |
| TMDS Data1+ | Transition Minimized Differential Signaling |
| TMDS Data1 Shield | Transition Minimized Differential Signaling |
| TMDS Data1– | Transition Minimized Differential Signaling |
| TMDS Data0+ | Transition Minimized Differential Signaling |
| TMDS Data0 Shield | Transition Minimized Differential Signaling |
| TMDS Data0– | Transition Minimized Differential Signaling |
| TMDS Clock+ | Transition Minimized Differential Signaling |
| TMDS Clock Shield | Transition Minimized Differential Signaling |
| TMDS Clock– | Transition Minimized Differential Signaling |
| CEC | Consumer Electronics Control |
| Reserved (N.C. on device) | No Connection |
| SCL | Synchronous clock |
| SDA | Synchronous Data |
| DDC/CEC Ground | Dynamic Display Clock |
| +5 V Power | Power supply |
| Hot Plug Detect | *********** |
Technical Specifications:
TMDS channel
Developed by Silicon Image
Carries audio, video and auxiliary data.
converts an 8-bit signal into a 10-bit transition-minimized and DC-balanced signal
TMDS is the key to transferring digital data from a TMDS transmitter to a TMDS receiver at high speeds up to 225 MHz.
Audio sample rates: upto 192 kHz.
Audio channels: up to 8.
DDC (DISPLAY DATA CHANNEL)
Allows source to interrogate capabilities of sink (receiver).
The DDC signal is used for device capability negotiation and HDCP(High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection) key exchange (HDMI handshake)
I²C signaling with 100 kHz clock.
E-EDID data structure according to EIA/CEA-861B and VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association) Enhanced EDID (Extended display identification data).
Consumer Electronics Control (CEC) channel (optional)
Used for remote control functions.
CEC Messages are sent using frames. Each CEC frame consists of a start bit, a header block and possibly data blocks
One-wire bidirectional serial bus.
Defined in HDMI Specification 1.1.
Disadvantages
No one is 100% perfect. The following are some disadvantage of HDMI
Limited cable length
Expensive cable cost
Reference
www.google.com
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